Part 1. The integrative model includes Oudtshoorn's systemic approach, Olson's circular model and some other approaches. The integrative model is a “group-centered” diagnosis and considers primarily the problems of organization and functioning of the family system. One One of the most well-known and widely used structural models is Olson's circular model (Olson, 1986, 1993). This model includes two main axes - cohesion and flexibility. They set the type of family structure, and one additional parameter - communication. There are 4 levels of cohesion: low - disengaged (disengaged) family type; separated – moderately low; connected and enmeshed—excessively high levels. Olson defines family flexibility as the amount of change in family control, family roles, and rules governing relationships. On this scale, Olson identifies 4 more levels: rigid, structured, flexible, chaotic - types of family system. From the point of view of an integrative approach, optimal levels of cohesion (separated, united) and flexibility (structured, flexible) are balanced and ensure adequate family functioning, while the extremes on these scales (disunited, confused, rigid and chaotic types) create problems. When the level of cohesion is too high (confused system), then there are many centripetal forces in the family, so that individual members cannot act independently of each other friend. There is too much agreement in the family; differences in points of view are actively suppressed. Family members occupy little personal space, and their differentiation in relation to each other is low. The family as a system has rigid external boundaries with the environment and weak internal boundaries between subsystems and individuals. At the other extreme - a disconnected system with a low level of cohesion, there are too many centrifugal forces. Family members are extremely divided emotionally, have little affection for each other, and demonstrate inconsistent behavior. They often spend time separately, have their own interests and separate friends. It is difficult for them to provide support and solve everyday problems together. Members of balanced families are able to combine independence and close connection with the family. Families with a divided type of relationship are to some extent emotionally distant from each other, but not as sharply as in a disjointed system. Although time spent apart is more important for family members, the family is able to gather, discuss problems, support each other and make joint decisions. Interests and friends usually do not coincide, but some of them still overlap. The joint type of family is characterized by emotional closeness and loyalty in relationships. Family members often spend time together. This time for family members is more important than time devoted to private friends and interests. However, cohesion in such families does not reach the point of confusion where any differences are erased. The structured type of system has some degree of democratic leadership, involving discussion of problems among family members, including children. Roles and family rules are stable and, to some extent, available for discussion. A flexible type of family system is characterized by a democratic leadership style. Negotiations are conducted openly, with the active participation of children. Roles are not strictly assigned to family members; they can be changed if necessary. The rules can be modified, they correspond to the age of family members. Sometimes a family may lack leadership and family members will get stuck in arguments with each other.