From the author: Another secret of public speaking success in my new article. I invite you to a discussion. Hello, friends! How are you doing this golden autumn? Did you find an opportunity to work on materials from the previous issue? I have been somewhat caught up in teaching work - our university has a large enrollment, but it is a pleasant chore. It’s still a little difficult for first-year students to understand the rules of learning, the peculiarities of conducting classes and other tricks of the new student life - so we help, lead them by the hand, show them the right path. What I’m getting at is that today we’ll talk about a very similar problem - only in oratory. Imagine, the speaker must be a first-class conductor! He simply needs to be able to lead listeners through his speech “by the hand” so that every word fulfills its task as effectively as possible, every thought appears in full brilliance and magnificence, so that one argument does not obscure another - and they do not all get together. The trick is that coming up with or writing, or memorizing a speech written by someone is not enough to give it well. Even if you have memorized every step of the introduction and conclusion, even if you have organized the main part of the speech into an ideal structure, everything can go to waste . Why? Because written speech differs from spoken language much more than it seems at first glance. Judge for yourself. “Two big differences...” To understand any text, we need to delve into its structure, understand the logic of presentation, see the main and auxiliary thoughts, theses and arguments. In writing, the author (aka storyteller) can make the reader's work easier and structure the text array using a rich set of tools: paragraph, red line, numbered and unnumbered lists, underlining, bold, italics, and so on. And how do you order the speaker to place structural accents in an oral presentation - bend in italics or open the skirts of his jacket to indicate bold font? By the way - an idea, you should try... You can, of course, not bother and tell (or read) the text in the usual way - limiting yourself to pauses in the end of paragraphs. Many people do this, leaving the audience to figure out the structure on their own. But the viewer does not see in advance the overall picture of the entire speech, he receives information gradually sentence by sentence - therefore he himself physically cannot correctly imagine the correct structure. As a result, speech for him turns into a continuous stream of disorganized information, which is unimaginably difficult to perceive. As a result, some try to understand, quickly get tired of it and switch off, while others, more experienced, save their energy and switch off right away. If a speaker wants the audience to easily understand him and accurately follow the author’s intention, it is vital for him to be able to organize and structure his speech just as well as than writing, but, of course, with different ones - special oratorical methods. In manuals on the skill of public speaking, these methods are, of course, mentioned, but they are usually scattered across separate topics and chapters - something in gestures will be remembered, something in intonation will flash and so on. But in the American rhetoric course from the University of Washington (by the way, an excellent course, I recommend it - it’s free on Coursera) I came across a whole special term - “Transition”. It just means the sum of the skills to place accents, structure your speech with the help of pauses, intonations, movements, gestures and other oratorical tools - that is, the high-quality transfer of the structure of the speech from the speaker to the listeners. Transition is even highlighted as its own item on the course feedback forms, along with the core idea, argumentation, execution and other key skills, highlighting their equal importance. Let's introduce our analogue of this term into our public speaking course - for example, "Leading", what do you say? The tools for leading are well known to us - each of them/