In our daily lives, we are constantly faced with different situations, and our thinking plays a key role in how we perceive and understand the world around us. However, our thinking can be subject to cognitive biases, which can distort our perception of reality and affect our emotional state and behavior. In this article, we will look at several common cognitive biases in thinking and provide examples that illustrate their impact on our lives.1. Generalization: Generalization is the tendency to make generalized conclusions based on limited or isolated cases. For example, if we experience failure in one situation, we may conclude that we will always fail in all similar situations. This thinking distortion can lead to excessive fear or avoidance of certain activities. Example: After failing a job interview, a person begins to believe that he will never be able to find a job and convinces himself that all future interviews will also end in failure. Among the key words that can indicate your tendency to overgeneralize: - “everyone”, “nobody”, “never”, “always” Intervention: Potentialize the client to accept that situations are DIFFERENT! Discuss it.. Start to rely on concrete facts. Remember that there are no absolutes. Eliminate negative labels. 2. Selective Attention: Selective attention is the tendency to focus only on certain information or details that correspond to our existing beliefs or expectations, and to ignore other aspects of the situation. For example, if we have a negative opinion about a person, we may pay attention only to his negative qualities, ignoring the positive ones. By filtering your memories, you often bypass positive experiences and dwell only on those moments that caused you irritation and anxiety or despondency. Example: A person who has a negative opinion of a new colleague will focus only on his shortcomings, ignoring his achievements and positive qualities. Key words for this pattern would be - “Terrible”, creepy”, scary”, disgusting”, “ scary." Phrase - "I can't stand this." Intervention: Record successes. Be sure to record. Shift focus. 3. Appeal to the past or predicting the future: Appealing to the past or predicting the future is the tendency to perceive a current situation or event through the prism of past experience or expectations about the future. We may base our decisions and emotional reactions on assumptions about what will happen, or on the basis of what has already happened. Example: After several failed relationships, a person may convince himself that all future relationships are also doomed to fail. you shouldn’t even try to build new connections. Intervention: discussion of all factors influencing the event, discussion of all possible influences and the role of the client, learning to distribute responsibility (my role is not my role), an active position and acceptance of the inevitability.4. Personalization: Personalization is the tendency to perceive all events and actions of other people as something that is directly directed against us or related to our personality. We believe that everything that happens around us is somehow connected with us personally. Example: If a colleague walked past us without saying hello, we may begin to think that he does not like us or has something against us, without considering other possible reasons for his behavior. Key phrases - “I am the cause of all troubles”, “I guilty,” “I should have foreseen this.” Intervention: identifying all possible causes of adverse events learning to distribute responsibility (my role is not my role) finding confirmation of assumptions understanding that all people have strengths and weaknesses giving up comparisons, since they are meaningless 5 Catastrophizing: Catastrophizing is the tendency to exaggerate negative consequences or.