From the author: Journal “Medicine and Ecology” No. 2 (63) 2012 is included in the list of publications of the Committee for Control in the Sphere of Education and Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan Khramkova Yu.A. Study of some cognitive parameters of fear and anxiety in children when visiting a dentist Karaganda regional boarding school for children with musculoskeletal disorders. Introduction. Anxiety, fear, pain are well-known reasons in dentistry for which many patients postpone a visit to the dentist or refuse treatment. Pain (and, as a consequence of pain, the emergence of anxiety and fear) within the psychoanalytic approach is considered as “actual neurosis”; within the behavioral approach, it is studied as pain behavior. Fear is a biologically determined defense mechanism. The amount of personal anxiety characterizes the past experience of the individual, that is, how often he had to experience situational anxiety - as a reaction to various, most often social and psychological stressors (according to Yu. L. Khanin). Even if the patient does not actually suffer from a phobia, anxiety can arise and interfere with dental treatment. Statistical assessment of fear of the dentist in children has been studied by various authors (Weistein 1980, Stricker and Howitt 1965, Cohen 1973). Fillevich N.I. and his colleagues (1981) studied the influence of strong fear and anxiety on the efficiency of a dental clinic [2]. The first group included patients with high levels of anxiety and fear, the second - with lower levels of fear. The results of these studies showed that the dentist needed approximately 20% more time to work with the first group. Although the cavity preparation period (measured by drilling time) was essentially the same for both groups, those in the high fear group had to frequently interrupt the preparation process, suggesting that patient fear interferes with the effectiveness of treatment. Conditions that increase in tension, such as episodic anxiety, excitement, and fear, have specific behavioral signs [1]. When the feeling of anxiety becomes maladaptive with the manifestation of corresponding reactions in behavior, the patient may even refuse treatment completely. The state of anxiety and fear can be classified according to the following parameters - cognitive (cognitive), psychophysiological and behavioral. This manifests itself as rapid heartbeat, sweating, twitching, and involuntary movements. The literature describes studies of anxiety and fear using projective tests and questionnaires: Manifestation Anxiety Scale, Spielberger-Trite Anxiety Scale, Human Figure Drawing Test, Cortex Dental Anxiety Test (CDAS). However, the use of these tests in children is not always possible. W. Iyer describes the following technique for assessing anxiety in children: the child is given a sheet of paper measuring 9x11 cm with a request to draw a person of the same gender as himself. In this case, the drawing expresses the degree of fear by its size. A small, compressed drawing expresses a high degree of anxiety and fear. Once arising, a state of high anxiety can accompany the child in such situations for quite a long time. A prerequisite for mitigating fear, anxiety and preventing their occurrence is the creation and support of a gentle sensory regime in the baby’s life and an understanding of his emotional state. At the same time, it is important to help overcome already established life stereotypes with the help of anxious situations worked out and spoken out by the child [3, 5, 6]. A study of psychological problems in pediatric dentistry allows us to project the likelihood of higher anxiety in adult patients with negative memories of dental treatment in childhood. Accordingly, if you know the reasons.