Nowadays, there are a huge number of different organizations offering services in the field of psychology and self-development. However, it is important to distinguish professional and ethical practices from those that use manipulative and controlling methods characteristic of cults and destructive religious organizations. Let's look at the similarities and differences in these groups' approaches to avoid any pitfalls we might fall into. Recruitment and Involvement MethodsSects and religious organizations, as well as some psychological associations, use various methods to attract new members. Both structures may offer free seminars, meetings or lectures to get people interested and involved in the group's activities. However, there is a difference in the intensity and aggressiveness of the methods of involvement, some such as "love bombing" (extending excessive attention and affection to a potential member ) or psychological pressure exerted on a potential member by friends or family members, has clear manipulative purposes. For example, Mormons hold many social and sporting events and holidays that can attract potential members. In one of the cities, Mormons announced free courses to learn English: many local residents who wanted to learn English signed up for courses and began to attend classes regularly. During the first classes, participants enjoyed a friendly atmosphere and the teachers (Mormon missionaries) actually taught English. However, over time, religious elements began to be introduced into classes: reading texts from the Book of Mormon or using prayers and songs in English as educational material. At the same time, psychological communities also use master classes or trainings to meet possible clients and demonstrate their techniques. But the main criterion is transparency and the absence of ulterior motives. Hierarchy and control Leaders of religious groups or cults have a high authoritative status and can demand absolute obedience from their followers. An example is the Bessarion sect (Church of the Last Testament), where the leader and his closest associates established strict rules and standards of behavior for members, such as vegetarianism, abstinence from alcohol and tobacco, and a ban on the consumption of certain foods. Families must obtain the leader's approval for marriage, and children are raised according to the teachings of the sect. To be able to live in the “City of the Sun”, it was often necessary to give one’s money and property to the community. While in psychological associations there may also be structures and leaders, but they are usually less rigid and controlling. In the case of professional psychology groups, leaders typically provide tools and support but leave the choice and responsibility for change to the participants. For example, a trainer may offer various techniques and strategies to achieve goals, but the participant himself decides how and when to use them in his life. Manipulation for Retention Sects and religious cults, as well as some destructive trainings, often use manipulative methods for internal control and to keep members in group. For example, Jehovah's Witnesses. Although many of the group's members are devout believers, the organization as a whole uses some of the ethically controversial recruitment methods that are common in cults. "Love Bombing": New or potential adherents are surrounded by care and attention from other members of the community. This creates a sense of acceptance and affection and makes it difficult to express doubts or criticism of the organization's teachings and practices. Psychological pressure from friends or family members: teaching that everyone outside their organization is under the influence of Satan and thus a spiritual danger.